Recent updates on ions and nutrients uptake by halotolerant freshwater and marine microalgae in conditions of high salinity

Algae is an appropriate natural resource to augment the optimal use of undesired ions in water and wastewater. Increasing algal cells, consumption particular ions, including chloride, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, provides a suitable way optimize treatment processes. Different species have capability survive extreme salinities by developing resistance against osmotic pressure saline water. The current study reviews effect salinity on biomass production, growth rate, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, phosphorus, ammonium ions. Mainly algae cultivated freshwater, synthetic brackish water, seawater, hypersaline were studied for this review. Various ion uptake mechanisms used cell are summarized, focusing biosorption bioaccumulation Critical parameters such as light intensity, pH, temperature variations significantly influence nutrients efficiencies. Analysis performed collected data indicated that halophytic could high at elevated rates compared freshwater. halotolerant showed inclining trend chloride removal with elimination capacity 7.5 g.m−3.h−1. Moreover, nitrate rate 10-folds higher regardless level. It be concluded microalgae will beneficial nutrient processes treating